MartÃnez-Llinà s, Jade Colet, Pere Erneux, Thomas Synchronization of tunable asymmetric square-wave pulses in delay-coupled optoelectronic oscillators.
As validation of the approach, we have used it to determine electron transfer kinetics in both freely diffusing and diffusionless surface-tethered species, obtaining electron transfer kinetics in all cases in good agreement with values derived using non- square-wave methods.
Specifically, we have developed a numerical approach in which we model the height and the shape of voltammograms collected over a range of square-wave frequencies and amplitudes to simulated voltammograms as functions of the heterogeneous rate constant and the electron transfer coefficient.
In response, we demonstrate here a numerical approach by which square-wave data can be used to determine electron transfer rates. Because of the relative complexity of the potential sweep it uses, however, the extraction of detailed kinetic and mechanistic information from square-wave data remains challenging. The efficiency with which square-wave voltammetry differentiates faradic and charging currents makes it a particularly sensitive electroanalytical approach, as evidenced by its ability to measure nanomolar or even picomolar concentrations of electroactive analytes. Simulation-Based Approach to Determining Electron Transfer Rates Using Square-Wave Voltammetry.ĭauphin-Ducharme, Philippe Arroyo-Currás, Netzahualcóyotl Kurnik, Martin Ortega, Gabriel Li, Hui Plaxco, Kevin W The control system is configured to operate each electrical switch of the matrix converter converting a high-frequency, square-wave input voltage across the first input port of the matrix converter and the second input port of the matrix converter to an alternating current output voltage at the output of the matrix converter. The control system is electrically connected to the input of the matrix converter. The control system is connected to each switch of the matrix converter. The high-frequency input and the matrix converter are electrically connected to each other. The matrix converter comprises a plurality of electrical switches. High-frequency matrix converter with square wave inputĬarr, Joseph Alexander Balda, Juan CarlosĪ device for producing an alternating current output voltage from a high-frequency, square-wave input voltage comprising, high-frequency, square-wave input a matrix converter and a control system.
#BIPOLAR SQUARE WAVE EQUATION GENERATOR#
The generator can operate not only in a simultaneous mode but also in a delay mode if the cables in the channel divider are different in length. With a specially designed resistor-cable network, the channel divider divides the high-voltage square-wave pulse into 21 identical 10-ns quasi- square-wave pulses of 51 V, exactly equal to 1070 V/21. Using an electromagnetic relay as a switch and a 50-Ω polyethylene cable as a pulse forming line, the high-voltage pulser produces a 10-ns square-wave pulse of 1070 V. The generator consists of a high-voltage square-wave pulser and a channel divider. Note: A novel method for generating multichannel quasi- square-wave pulses.Ī 21-channel quasi- square-wave nanosecond pulse generator was constructed. The recombination circuit has provisions for correcting distortion caused by overlapping of the two square wave voltages from the square wave amplifiers. The detailed circuitry of the recombination means constitutes the novelty of the annplifier and consists of a separate, dual triode amplifier coupled to the output of each square wave amplifier with a recombination connection from the plate of one amplifier section to a grid of one section of the other amplifier. The amplifier input is connected to the vibrating element of the vibrator and is thereby alternately applied to the input of each square wave amplifier. The general circuit arrangement includes a vibrator, two square wave amplifiers, and recombination means. An amplifier circuit is described for amplifying sigmals having an alternating current component superimposed upon a direct current component, without loss of any segnnent of the alternating current component.
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